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Hazeover alternative12/7/2022 ![]() ![]() Moreover, continuous burning is not a sustainable agricultural practice. If followed continuously burning can reduce soil quality and make land more susceptible to erosion. There are many environmental risks associated with stubble burning. Section four discusses in details about residue use in power generation citing various bio-mass power projects commissioned in the state by Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA). The chapter is organized as follows: The next section presents disposal pattern of paddy straw giving details of alternate uses of agriculture waste, viz., rice residue as fodder for animals, its use in bio-thermal power plants, its use for bedding material for animals, mushroom cultivation and so on. Thus, technologies for energy use of straw must be efficient to compensate for the high costs involved in straw collection. The logistics of collection could be improved through baling but the necessary equipment is expensive and buying it is uneconomical for most rice farmers. In the case of paddy straw, however, its collection is a tedious task and its availability is limited to harvest time. One of the principal reasons for the preferred use of husk is its easy procurement, i.e., it is available at the rice mills. Although the technology of using rice husk is well established in many Asian countries, paddy straw as of now is rarely used as a source of renewable energy. There are primarily two types of residues from rice cultivation that have potential in terms of energy-straw and husk. Though part of the wheat straw is used as dry fodder for the milch cattle, the remaining straw is usually burnt for quick disposal. Lately, the farmers have extended this practice to wheat crop also. Almost whole of paddy straw, except Basmati rice is burnt in the field to enable early sowing of next crop. More than 80 % of paddy straw (18.4 million tonnes) and almost 50 % wheat straw (8.5 million tonnes) produced in the state is being burnt in fields. Punjab produces around 23 million tonnes of paddy straw and 17 million tonnes of wheat straw annually. As climate change is extensively recognized as a threat to development, there is a growing interest in alternative uses of field-based residues for energy applications. This waste of energy seems inapt, given the high fuel prices and the great demand for reducing greenhouse gas emissions as well as air pollution. However, an increasing proportion of this paddy straw undergoes field burning. ![]() In fact the total amount equaling 668 t could produce theoretically 187 gallons of bioethanol if the technology were available (Kim and Dale 2004). Paddy straw is a major field-based residue that is produced in large amounts in Asia. ![]()
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